Kelayakan Finansial dan Sensitivitas Usahatani Cabai Rawit di Desa Bululoe, Kabupaten Jeneponto

Abstract

Cayenne pepper is a high-value horticultural commodity, but farm income is sensitive to output-price and production-cost changes. This study analyzed cost structure, revenue, income, profitability heterogeneity, financial feasibility, and switching values for cayenne pepper farms in Bululoe Village, Jeneponto Regency. The survey involved 34 farmers selected by simple random sampling from a population of 137; sample size was determined using Slovin's formula with a 15% error tolerance. Individual one-season observations were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the R/C ratio, simple accounting break-even points, unit production cost, and switching values. The pooled R/C ratio was 3.07, while the mean individual R/C was 3.34 (SD 0.63; range 2.62-4.95); all 34 farms had R/C > 1. Mean individual farm income was IDR 24.39 million per season, ranging from IDR 8.49 to 53.77 million. Re-summing individual land records produced 13.14 ha and an aggregate productivity of 4.68 t/ha. Pooled production cost was approximately IDR 6,525/kg, while individual unit costs ranged from IDR 4,040 to 7,647/kg. Labor accounted for about 78% of recorded total cost. Holding other factors constant, the pooled selling price could fall by 67.38% or total cost could rise by 206.52% before R/C reached 1; individual price-decline thresholds ranged from 61.77% to 79.80%. Results should be interpreted as financial feasibility based on recorded costs because the same IDR 20,000/kg price was used for all respondents and family labor was not fully valued at opportunity cost.